The issue of Kurdish independence has recently become a hot issue.
Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) President
Massoud Barzani has started threatening succession due to his dispute with
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Kurdish deals with oil majors have
also led commentators to predict that Kurdistan would soon
leave Iraq. A recent poll by the Kurdistan Institute for Political
Issues found just fewer than 60% of Kurdish respondents supported the idea of
independence. While a high amount, it was far below some earlier data collected
in the years immediately after the fall of Saddam Hussein. Rather than showing
a decline in the belief of the Kurds one day achieving their sovereignty, the
poll rather points to greater sophistication amongst inhabitants of the KRG of
the problems facing them if they were to take the step of leaving Iraq.
At the end of September
2012, the Kurdistan Institute for Political Issues released a new public
opinion poll. It asked 2,500 people in Irbil, Sulaymaniya, and Dohuk
provinces whether Kurdistan should declare its independence. That
included 978 people in Sulaymaniya, 892 in Irbil, and 596 in Dohuk. Out of
those, 56.3% said they were behind the idea. Dohuk showed the strongest
approval with 81.21% saying yes, followed by 54.82% in Irbil, and only 46.42%
in Sulaymaniya. When a person said no to the question, they were asked why it
was not a good idea. 49.28% said that Kurdistan had to make further progress in
development before it was ready to break away from Iraq. After that, 26.37%
said that other countries would threaten a new Kurdish state, while 23.1% felt
that the U.S. and international community would not guarantee Kurdish
sovereignty. While a large percentage obviously supported the drive for Kurdish
independence it was not an overwhelming amount. That was especially shown in
Sulaymaniya where less than half said yes to the question. For those that said
no there appeared a growing realization that will and desire alone would not
make a successful new country. Countries that have large Kurdish populations of
their own, who do not want them to push for sovereignty for example, surround
Kurdistan. They are opposed to Kurdish independence therefore. Being a landlocked
region that could prove catastrophic as its economy could be strangled if
surrounding powers decided to limit trade as a result. Those are obvious
threats however, which the Kurds have faced for decades. More importantly,
fewer than 50% said that Kurdistan needed to make more internal progress before
it was ready for independence. No specifics were mentioned about just what that
meant, but it could be any number of things such as the economy, which is
underdeveloped, due to its dependence upon the government, oil, and imports, or
any number of other issues. Whatever the reason many people now realize that
Kurdistan is not ready for independence yet, despite all the press reports and
political statements to that affect that have come out recently.
The 2012 poll is a
decided change from previous accounts of Kurdish support for independence. In
early 2004 for instance, a petition was circulated, which allegedly garnered 1.7 million signatures demanding
Kurdistan’s independence. In January 2005, the Independent Kurdistan
Referendum Movement held an informal vote, and claimed that 98-99% of
respondents expressed support for breaking away from Iraq.
At that time, the exuberance following the overthrow of Saddam Hussein made
many Kurds feel that the next step might be their independence. The region’s
leaders had other plans however. In March 2005, Jalal Talabani, the head of the
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, told Time magazine that while many people were pushing
for Kurdish sovereignty it was not time yet. Instead, the ruling
parties in Kurdistan were going to try to work within the new Iraq. Seven years
later, the KRG is still part of the country.
Independence will always
remain an issue within the Kurdistan region. Many Kurds do not feel like they
are a part of Iraq, the economy is growing, major oil companies have decided to
invest there, and President Barzani has brought up the issue several times,
because he is not getting along with the prime minister. Still, the poll by the
Kurdistan Institute for Political Issues shows that while a majority of those
questioned support the idea, there is sobriety about whether it is the right
time to do so. Logistically, there are many barriers such as the fact that the
Kurdish economy is dominated by the government, which in turn gets 95% of its
funds from the national budget making Kurdistan dependent upon the southern oil
fields just like the rest of the country. There are also on-going political
disputes between the ruling parties, which would likely be exasperated if the
KRG moved towards independence. Many Kurds are beginning to realize these
issues, which is likely the reason why the Institute received its results.
SOURCES
Abdul-Rahman, Mohammed,
“Barzani warns Kurds not ready to live under “dictatorship,”” AK News, 9/22/12
Butters, Andrew Lee,
“Revenge of the Kurds,” Time, 3/7/05
Dunlop, W.G., “Oil key
to any Iraqi Kurdistan independence bid,” Agence France Presse, 6/23/12
Galbraith, Peter, “Iraq:
The Bungled Transition,” New York Review of Books, 9/23/04
- “Iraq: Bush’s Islamic
Republic,” New York Review of Books, 8/11/05
International Crisis
Group, “Iraq And The Kurds: The High-Stakes Hydrocarbons Gambit,” 4/19/12
Mohammed, Fryad, “Majority of Kurds are for independence,” AK
News, 9/27/12
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